Description
Overview
GHK-Cu is a copper(II) complex of the endogenous tripeptide glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine (GHK). First isolated by Pickart in 1973, the GHK peptide chelates Cu(II) with high stability constant and is widely referenced in extracellular-matrix (ECM) research, gene-expression studies, and tissue-remodeling literature.
Mechanism & Scientific Context
GHK-Cu has been investigated as a copper-delivery vehicle and as a modulator of gene expression in human fibroblast and keratinocyte models. Published research using Connectivity Map analyses reports GHK influences expression of thousands of human genes, with effects on collagen-synthesis pathways, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs), and NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling cascades in laboratory model systems.
Key Features & Specifications
- Endogenous human tripeptide-copper(II) complex (1:1 stoichiometry)
- Available as lyophilized solid (50 mg) and capsule format (2 mg)
- Characteristic deep-blue color in solution
- COA available upon request
Specifications
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Sequence | Gly-His-Lys (chelated to Cu(II)) |
| Synonyms | Copper Tripeptide-1; GHK-Cu(II); PC1031 |
| CAS Number | 49557-75-7 (GHK peptide); 89030-95-5 (GHK-Cu complex) |
| Molecular Formula | C14H22CuN6O4 (complex) |
| Molecular Weight | ~403.9 g/mol (complex); 340.38 g/mol (GHK peptide alone) |
| Optimal pH (stability) | 6.5 – 7.5 |
| Net Content (per variation) | 50 mg lyophilized (P-011); 2 mg per capsule (C-015) |
Research Applications
GHK-Cu is referenced in research on dermal fibroblast ECM-synthesis models, keratinocyte stem-cell research, in-vitro wound-model studies, copper-dependent enzyme systems (e.g., lysyl oxidase, SOD), and gene-expression profiling. It is also studied in nervous-system gene-expression research and in vitro hair-follicle dermal papilla cell models.
Storage, Handling, Stability
Lyophilized GHK-Cu is stable at -20 °C protected from light and moisture. After reconstitution, store at 2–8 °C at neutral pH (6.5-7.5); the complex dissociates at pH below 4 or above 9. Aliquot to avoid repeated freeze-thaw. Capsule form should be stored at room temperature in a sealed container, away from heat and humidity.
Safety & Regulatory Notes
Reference compound for laboratory research, sold strictly for in-vitro and non-clinical research applications by qualified professionals. Not for human or veterinary use. Handle copper-peptide complexes with appropriate PPE; do not co-administer with strong reducing or oxidizing agents in research models.
Similar Research Compounds
Frequently Asked Questions
What is GHK-Cu?
GHK-Cu is the copper(II) complex of the endogenous human tripeptide glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine, used as a reference compound in extracellular-matrix and gene-expression research.
What is the sequence and molecular weight of GHK-Cu?
Gly-His-Lys chelated to Cu(II); complex molecular formula C14H22CuN6O4, approximate molecular weight 403.9 g/mol. The GHK peptide alone has molecular weight 340.38 g/mol.
How should GHK-Cu be reconstituted and stored?
Reconstitute in sterile water or buffer at neutral pH (6.5-7.5) to maintain complex stability. Store reconstituted solutions at 2-8 °C protected from light, or aliquot and freeze for longer storage.
How does the GHK peptide differ from the GHK-Cu complex?
The GHK peptide alone (CAS 49557-75-7) is the free tripeptide ligand; the GHK-Cu complex (CAS 89030-95-5) is GHK chelated to a copper(II) ion in 1:1 stoichiometry. Most published biological activity in tissue-remodeling literature references the copper complex.
What research areas reference GHK-Cu?
Dermal fibroblast ECM-synthesis research, gene-expression profiling, wound-model in-vitro studies, copper-dependent enzyme research, and hair-follicle dermal papilla cell models are commonly cited.
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